A Swingogram Representation for Tracking Microrhythmic Variations in Jazz Performances
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Discussion
In the figures above, we show the piano-roll, swingogram, and tempogram of a solo section from the 1957 recording of "Blue Train," featuring solo trombone player Curtis Fuller and drummer Philly Joe Jones. At an average tempo around 132 BPM, the ride cymbal swing ratio starts around 3.0 and drops in the middle part to 2.0, rising again to 2.5 after 20 seconds. The change in swing ratio is coupled with the start of a completely different drum pattern. Throughout that middle part, the ride cymbal plays only onbeats (i.e., quarter notes), while the hi-hat is placed on straight offbeats, thus conveying a double-time feel (i.e., the impression of twice the tempo). This is supported by the tempogram in the lowest panel, where the periodicity representing 260 BPM appears more salient than before. On closer inspection, we found that swinging offbeats in the middle part are played solely on the snare. Still, the snare hits lead to spikes in the novelty function due to crosstalk into the ride cymbal frequency band. Interestingly, both the bassist Paul Chambers and trombonist Curtis Fuller do not follow the rhythm change immediately, but soon Fuller switches to sixteenth note sequences, supporting the double time feel.
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References
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