# Lecture: Fourier Analysis of Signals¶

After working through the material of this lecture, you should be able to answer the following questions:

• What is the main idea of Fourier analysis?
• What is a music signal? How can one mathematically model an analog or continuous-time (CT) signal? How a discrete-time (DT) signal?
• What is equidistant sampling? What is the relation between the sampling period and the sampling rate? (See Eq. 2.18.)
• What is the difference between the Fourier transform and the Fourier representation?
• What are the mathematical definitions of the continuous Fourier transform and Fourier representation? (See Eq. 2.12 and Eq. 2.17.)
• What is the relation between the real-valued and complex-valued version of the Fourier transform? What is the interpretation of the magnitude and phase of the complex-valued Fourier coefficients?
• What is the definition of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT)? (See Eq. 2.24.)
• What is the relation between the DFT and the continuous Fourier transform?
• How can one interpret the coefficients obtained by the DFT? (See Eq. 2.25.)
• What is the fast Fourier transform (FFT) good for?
• What is the motivation for introducing the short-time Fourier transform (STFT)? What is the main idea?
• What are important properties of a window function? What is the trade-off between time and frequency resolution?
• What is the definition of the discrete STFT? (See Eq. 2.26.)
• How can one interpret the coefficients obtained by the discrete STFT? (See Eq. 2.27 and Eq. 2.28.)
• What is a spectrogram? How can it be visualized?

Müller, FMP, Springer 2021
Chapter 2: Fourier Analysis of Signals

• Introduction of Chapter 2
• Section 2.1: The Fourier Transform in a Nutshell
• Section 2.2: Signals and Signal Spaces
• Section 2.2.1: Analog Signals
• Section 2.2.2: Discrete Signals
• Exercises
• Exercise 2.2
• Exercise 2.3
• Exercise 2.4
• Exercise 2.5

## FMP Notebooks¶

DFT; FFT; discrete signal; data vector; Fourier transform vector; inverse DFT; fundamental frequency (primitive $n$-th root of unity); DFT matrix; magnitude; phase